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Grand Jury Hub

Colusa County Civil Grand Jury

2025–2026: from findings to follow-through

Overview

Explore the jury’s recommendations, read matching agency responses, and join the discussion. Everything in this cycle is connected to its original source.

Recommendations & responses

Every recommendation made by the jury, with matching agency responses alongside it.

Recommendations & responses

Showing 15 of 15 recommendations

Jump to recommendation

City of Williams

6 recommendations

Recommendation R1

Mandatory Governance Training All City Council members shall annually complete training on their roles, oversight duties, and compliance with the Brown Act.

2 responses · Williams City Council · Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 12

Permanent link
Official responses
Williams City Council
Agency declines implementation

Declines as unwarranted or unreasonable, saying Council already satisfies state-mandated training.

Read official response · PDF page 4
Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.
Agency position unclear

Agrees with mandatory training and reports completing required training with a certificate.

Read official response · PDF page 1

Recommendation R2

Use of Public Funds The City shall review annually the current credit card policy and the actual use of the City’s credit cards, followed by employee training.

2 responses · Williams City Council · Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 12

Permanent link
Official responses
Williams City Council
Agency says implemented

Claims implemented: policy updated in March 2025, employee training followed, and usage is reviewed by department heads, finance, management and the check-signing Council member.

Read official response · PDF page 4
Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.
Agency position unclear

Strongly agrees with annual policy/use review and employee training; pages 1–2 describe alleged misuse and support stronger oversight and auditing.

Read official response · PDF page 1

Recommendation R3

Conflict of Interest Enforcement All elected officials and managers need more robust ethics training on an annual basis to ensure compliance of state law and city policy regarding conflict of interest and public disclosures.

2 responses · Williams City Council · Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 13

Permanent link
Official responses
Williams City Council
Agency declines implementation

Declines as unwarranted or unreasonable because Council and managers meet state-mandated training requirements.

Read official response · PDF page 4
Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.
Agency position unclear

Agrees robust ethics/conflict training is needed and says accountability and enforcement must accompany annual training.

Read official response · PDF page 2

Recommendation R4

Executive Hiring Standards Reform The City shall consistently implement formal background investigation requirements and take findings seriously.

2 responses · Williams City Council · Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 13

Permanent link
Official responses
Williams City Council
Agency says implemented

Claims implemented through standard background checks on all new hires.

Read official response · PDF page 4
Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.
Agency position unclear

Agrees with formal comprehensive background investigations; page 3 calls for pre-hire verification of history, qualifications, references and other lawful information.

Read official response · PDF page 2

Recommendation R5

Comprehensive review of staffing needs and employee morale Review job descriptions and employee responsibilities and make the adjustments to staffing as deemed necessary to assist in improving the City’s financial crisis and employee morale.

2 responses · Williams City Council · Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 13

Permanent link
Official responses
Williams City Council
Agency declines implementation

Declines as unwarranted or unreasonable, distinguishing Council budget/spending authority from the Manager’s day-to-day employment responsibility.

Read official response · PDF page 4
Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.
Agency position unclear

Agrees with a comprehensive review and supports appropriate Council access to operational information; recounts warnings and communication restrictions.

Read official response · PDF page 3

Recommendation R6

Report out with an agendized item completion of R1 through R5 as each occurs.

1 response · Williams City Council

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 13

Permanent link
Official response
Williams City Council
Agency declines implementation

Declines as unwarranted or unreasonable, saying this letter serves as the Penal Code section 933 response.

Read official response · PDF page 5

Inspection of the Colusa County Jail

1 recommendation

Recommendation R1

The Grand Jury recommends the Jail staff closely monitor medical services provided to the incarcerated once the County takes over medical care to assure they are at acceptable standards.

1 response · Colusa County Board of Supervisors

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: Inspection of the Colusa County Jail · PDF page 16

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Board of Supervisors
Agency says implemented

Claims implemented: regular Sheriff/HHS coordination meetings monitor acceptable inmate medical standards and will continue as the County assumes direct responsibility.

Read official response · PDF page 2

Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report

8 recommendations

Recommendation R1

Implement written policy to finalize, lock, and preserve IEPs immediately post‑meeting; document any subsequent changes only via formal amendments or new meetings with parents.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 20

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA
Agency plans to implement

Says will implement by incorporating legal locking, record preservation and parental amendment requirements into a written policy.

Read official response · PDF page 9

Recommendation R2

Establish a mandatory tracking system for service delivery, missed minutes of service (with reasons), and timely parent notifications. Develop corrective action plans and provide compensatory education for students identified as not receiving required IEP services. Parents are not being notified of minutes missed and no current system to make up for them. Parents should be encouraged to review this information against their originally signed IEP to verify that approved services are being implemented as written and that appropriate plans are in place to address any missed services. This process would increase transparency, accountability, and compliance with IEP requirements while enabling parents to participate meaningfully in monitoring their child’s education.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 20

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA
Agency plans to implement

Not fully implemented; promises AbleSpace rollout during 2026–2027 alongside SEIS tracking. Case managers oversee implementation and potential service gaps are reviewed for corrective/compensatory remedies.

Read official response · PDF page 9

Recommendation R3

Provide annual training for all special education staff, administrators, and support personnel on legal IEP requirements, record-alteration prohibitions, confidentiality laws, and consequences of noncompliance.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 20

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA
Agency plans to implement

Not fully implemented; retains annual fall training and promises formal five-day onboarding for mid-year paraeducator hires during 2026–2027, overseen by expanded special education leadership.

Read official response · PDF page 10

Recommendation R4

Designate an independent compliance officer/independent monitor and/or CCOE advisory/review committee responsible for IEP integrity oversight, monitoring adherence to special education laws, and direct reporting to the governing board.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 20

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA
Agency plans to implement

Not fully implemented; promises a Director alongside the Assistant Superintendent and an internal review team for biweekly-to-monthly IEP audits, reporting through SELPA governance and, where appropriate, County leadership.

Read official response · PDF page 11

Recommendation R5

Report back to the newly formed oversight body (R4) within 60 days (status) and 120 days (documentation of full/substantial compliance).

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 20

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA
Agency plans to implement

Not fully implemented; promises term-by-term compliance, IEP audit and service-tracking updates to the SELPA Governance Council beginning in 2026–2027.

Read official response · PDF page 12

Recommendation R6

Establish a credentialed substitute bank and permanent floaters to cover daily absences; maintain coverage protocols so one-on-one supports are not deviated from.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 20

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA
Agency position unclear

Claims the credentialed substitute bank and coverage protocols are implemented, but says permanent floating substitutes are unnecessary and there are no plans to create them.

Read official response · PDF page 12

Recommendation R7

Standardize site safety and elopement policies (gate-lock logs, radio protocols, incident escalation), require post-incident IEP reviews, and ensure immediate parental notification.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 20

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA
Agency says implemented

Claims implemented through IEP safety plans, routine site/radio/escalation review, prompt notice and IEP reconvening when necessary after significant incidents.

Read official response · PDF page 13

Recommendation R8

Expand local capacity and timely outside placements where necessary; provide home devices and parent training for adaptive communication needs.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View recommendation and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 20

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA
Agency position unclear

Claims assistive technology/home training implemented. Says capacity is continually analyzed but there are no current plans for new local programs.

Read official response · PDF page 13

Findings

The jury’s formal findings, with source citations and any recorded responses.

Findings & responses

Showing 23 of 23 findings

Jump to finding

City of Williams

11 findings

Finding F1

Employee furloughs and executive compensation. In July 2025, the City implemented furloughs reducing employee’s hours and wages by 10%. The City imposed financial hardship on employees while increasing executive compensation and demonstrating inequitable and inconsistent fiscal priorities.

1 response · Williams City Council

View finding and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 11

Permanent link
Official response
Williams City Council

Partially disagrees: unions selected a 10% furlough rather than possible layoffs, all employees including the administrator participated, executive pay did not increase during that period, and furloughs ended in January 2026.

Read official response · PDF page 1

Finding F2

Declining revenue ignored. The Finance Director and a City Council member reported declining revenues including reductions in sales tax and gas tax. The City failed to adjust spending in response to declining revenue, contributing to avoidable fiscal instability.

1 response · Williams City Council

View finding and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 11

Permanent link
Official response
Williams City Council

Partially disagrees: accepts that declining revenues were reported at the May Council meeting, but cites leaving the Public Works director position vacant and obtaining pool-operation donations as spending responses.

Read official response · PDF page 2

Finding F3

Questionable dismissal of employee concerns. Employee unions reported being pressured to accept furloughs or face layoffs. A “vote of no confidence” and complaints were filed against a director. The City’s handling of employee concerns reflect disregard for the workplace conditions.

1 response · Williams City Council

View finding and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 11

Permanent link
Official response
Williams City Council

Wholly disagrees, explaining the furlough/layoff choice and saying the City did not control how union representatives presented it to members.

Read official response · PDF page 2

Finding F4

Employee morale and retention decline. Evidence shows low employee morale and denial of cost-of-living adjustments after reinstatement from furloughs led employees to seek employment elsewhere. The City’s management practices have significantly degraded workforce stability and morale.

1 response · Williams City Council

View finding and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 12

Permanent link
Official response
Williams City Council

Wholly disagrees: two employees left in approximately seven months after full pay resumed, compared with three during furloughs; says only employees know their motives.

Read official response · PDF page 2

Finding F5

Appearance of a conflict The City awarded a contract to a company employing someone that had a close personal relationship with a Director without sufficient public disclosures, thus eroding public confidence.

1 response · Williams City Council

View finding and responses

Finding F6

Interference with oversight The City Manager instructed the finance staff not to communicate with a city official. This directive obstructed oversight and undermined transparency.

2 responses · Williams City Council · Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.

View finding and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 12

Permanent link
Official responses
Williams City Council

Partially disagrees: a former administrator memo made him the first contact for staff/Council communications to manage staff time, remain informed, foster transparency and ensure legal compliance.

Read official response · PDF page 2
Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr.

Says F6 is supported by the administrator’s written directive; describes required routing and quotes municipal code provisions placing the administrator under Council control.

Read official response · PDF page 4

Finding F7

Procurement violations The City declared an “emergency” to bypass the bidding requirements for a roadway project despite longstanding poor road conditions and accepted private financing, bypassing public bidding. The “emergency” declaration appears unjustified.

1 response · Williams City Council

View finding and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 12

Permanent link
Official response
Williams City Council

Wholly disagrees: the June 5, 2024 special meeting adopted exception findings for the Morning Star Old Highway 99 project because of imminent road failure and insufficient time for bidding and construction.

Read official response · PDF page 3

Finding F8

Brown Act concerns Three City Council members were observed meeting privately outside of official meetings on more than one occasion. These actions raise serious concerns of potential violations of the Brown Act.

1 response · Williams City Council

View finding and responses

Jury report: City of Williams · PDF page 12

Permanent link
Official response
Williams City Council

Wholly disagrees: mere presence together is not a violation, and the report gives no dates or evidence of discussions, deliberations or actions by a Council majority.

Read official response · PDF page 3

Finding F9

Lack of City Council competence and engagement Evidence shows some City Council members lack understanding of their roles. Multiple members appear to be insufficiently prepared at meetings to discuss agendized subjects. A lack of preparation among elected officials constitutes a failure of governance.

1 response · Williams City Council

View finding and responses

Finding F10

Failure to adequately vet and evaluate executive leadership Evidence shows when the City hired a Director they had knowledge of prior employment concerns. The City did not adequately vet a senior executive thus exposing the organization to foreseeable risk.

1 response · Williams City Council

View finding and responses

Finding F11

Failure of oversight Due to lack of engagement and understanding, the City Council failed to identify and correct misconduct and mismanagement by leadership. The City Council failed in its fundamental duty to supervise executive leadership and protect the public interest.

1 response · Williams City Council

View finding and responses

Inspection of the Colusa County Jail

4 findings

Finding F1

The Grand Jury finds that the Jail administration and staff are operating the facility in an efficient and professional manner.

1 response · Colusa County Board of Supervisors

View finding and responses

Finding F2

The Grand Jury finds that the Jail is in compliance with its annual scheduled and “surprise” inspection and maintains a Safety plan for staff and inmates.

1 response · Colusa County Board of Supervisors

View finding and responses

Finding F3

The current Jail’s linear design has security risks that does not allow for continuous observation of inmates. This will be eliminated with the opening of the new facility.

1 response · Colusa County Board of Supervisors

View finding and responses

Finding F4

The current medical contract with WellPath is not being renewed at the end of June and the County is providing medical services themselves.

1 response · Colusa County Board of Supervisors

View finding and responses

Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report

8 findings

Finding F1

Services are frequently disrupted and IEP minutes and placements are not always delivered consistently.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View finding and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 19

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

Partially disagrees: accepts occasional staffing-related disruption but rejects widespread or systemic missed services/noncompliance, citing CDE oversight and compensatory/dispute-resolution procedures.

Read official response · PDF page 3

Finding F2

Staff lack consistent access to IEP details and adequate training, leading to inconsistent implementation.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View finding and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 19

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

CCOE partially disagrees with its own F2 paraphrase about inaccurate records/post-meeting alterations, citing locking, parental amendments and biweekly-to-monthly audits.

Read official response · PDF page 4

Finding F3

CCOE does not consistently implement IEPs as written; the least restrictive environment is compromised.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View finding and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 19

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

CCOE partially disagrees with its F3 paraphrase about delayed meetings and parent notification, discussing statutory timelines, notice and compensatory protocols.

Read official response · PDF page 5

Finding F4

Parents are not always properly notified when services are missed or changed; progress monitoring is opaque.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View finding and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 19

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

CCOE partially disagrees with its F4 paraphrase about training/access/CPI, acknowledges mid-year onboarding gaps and describes a five-day 2026–2027 process on page 6.

Read official response · PDF page 5

Finding F5

Student safety controls (e.g., elopement prevention) vary by site and are insufficiently standardized.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View finding and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 19

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

Partially disagrees: site layouts differ and individualized supervision does not itself create risk. Describes IEP-based safety plans and continuing standardization of radio, gate-log and incident-review procedures.

Read official response · PDF page 6

Finding F6

Staff training gaps (CPI, autism/Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA), documentation) contribute to behavior-management challenges and lost instructional time.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View finding and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 19

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

CCOE agrees with its F6 paraphrase about staffing shortages and insufficient substitutes, describing recruitment and coverage protocols on pages 6–7.

Read official response · PDF page 6

Finding F7

Delayed placements, late assistive-device provision impede timely student gains; home support and training are required. Although well within ADA compliance, the investigation discovered some deficiencies in ensuring dignity of students.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View finding and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 19

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

Disagrees with systemic assistive-device delays, citing Education Code section 56040.3, home/school use agreements, parent training and procurement review.

Read official response · PDF page 7

Finding F8

Local capacity gaps in programming necessitate out-of-county placements for some students, detaching them from community support.

1 response · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

View finding and responses

Jury report: Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · PDF page 19

Permanent link
Official response
Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA

Partially disagrees: acknowledges out-of-county placements for specialized needs, rejects treating them as program failure, and describes student need, small cohorts, district financing and SELPA governance.

Read official response · PDF page 7

Questions

Editorial discussion prompts inspired by the reports. These are separate from the jury’s formal findings and recommendations.

Civic question

What information should Williams publish about credit-card policy reviews, transaction checks and staff training?

R2 calls for annual policy/use review and training. The Council claims existing review and training; Troughton supports stronger oversight. This asks what public evidence would be useful, not whether alleged misuse is legally established.
Why this matters
Visible controls can help residents distinguish a written rule from documented practice.

Supporting report

City of Williams · Recommendations R2

Civic question

How should Williams make completion, refusal or modification of jury recommendations visible at public meetings?

R6 requests agendized completion reports for R1–R5. The Council declines and points to its response letter. This question explores useful reporting rather than assuming recommendations were adopted.
Why this matters
A response letter and evidence of completed action serve different purposes.

Supporting report

City of Williams · Recommendations R6

Civic question

Which measures would help residents understand whether County-provided jail medical services meet acceptable standards?

R1 calls for close monitoring of care after the County transition. The Board claims coordination meetings implemented, without supplying measures or results.
Why this matters
Monitoring can connect agency coordination with understandable evidence about access and quality.

Supporting report

Inspection of the Colusa County Jail · Recommendations R1

Civic question

How should the Sheriff and County health services explain their respective responsibilities during the jail medical-care transition?

The report describes an expiring WellPath contract and County provision. The Board’s F4 quotation uses softer transition language. This question asks how responsibilities and transition status could be clear, not whether transfer is complete.
Why this matters
Clear responsibility helps residents understand who monitors care and addresses problems.

Supporting report

Inspection of the Colusa County Jail · Medical Services; Findings F4

Civic question

What service-minute and progress information would help families compare delivered support with their child’s IEP while protecting privacy?

R2 calls for tracking missed services, parent notification and corrective or compensatory remedies. CCOE promises a 2026–2027 tracking rollout and describes case-review procedures.
Why this matters
Useful, privacy-conscious records can support family participation and timely questions about missed services.

Supporting report

Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · Recommendations R2

Civic question

How should special education oversight report progress so families can distinguish planned changes from demonstrated improvements?

R4/R5 call for oversight and 60/120-day reporting. CCOE instead describes internal leadership review and term-by-term governance reporting beginning in 2026–2027. This question explores useful transparency rather than declaring either process sufficient.
Why this matters
Clear reporting can identify responsible bodies, timelines and evidence without disclosing student records.

Supporting report

Colusa County Civil Grand Jury Special Education Investigation Report · Recommendations R4–R5

Sources

Original reports and response documents provide the evidence behind this cycle’s findings, recommendations, and discussions.

Response documents

Williams Council and individual councilmember responses · Williams City Council; Williams City Council Member John Troughton Jr. · PDFBoard of Supervisors response to jail inspection · Colusa County Board of Supervisors · 2026-08-11 · PDFJoint CCOE and SELPA response to special education investigation · Colusa County Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendent of Special Education/SELPA · PDF